APRIL INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER


There is a real sense that spring is in the air, with the economy on track for a slow return to growth as sales in Great Britain rise. Official figures showed a better-than-expected boost for retail sales in Great Britain in February, as shoppers turned to discount department stores and second-hand shops and chose to dine in more and cut back on eating and drinking in pubs and restaurants. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) said retail sales increased by 1.2% last month compared with January, well ahead of economists’ forecasts of a 0.2% rise, bouncing back to pre-pandemic levels despite the cost-of-living crisis. This is clearly good news for BIDs and our levy payers, although the data are still fairly regionally disparate.

It’s also been a busy time for BID ballots, with nine successful outcomes in the last four weeks. We congratulate Penrith, Acton, Edinburgh, Inverness, Leamington, Weymouth, Clacksfirst, Kings Heath, Liverpool Retail and Leisure for their successful ballots.

Many of us have our levies collected by outsourced providers and it has been a worry to read of the failed IT systems at Capita, who collect many BID levies on behalf of local authorities. Apparently, computer systems abruptly stopped working at the outsourcing group, knocking out council phone lines and triggering fears that the company could be under cyber-attack. Capita staff are understood to have been unable to access IT systems and an early investigation has yet to establish the cause. The outage exposes the vulnerability of critical public services to cyber incidents – and the increasing role of outsourcing companies in delivering those services. Capita is one of the government’s biggest suppliers, with £6.5bn of public sector contracts spanning London’s congestion charge system to recruiting soldiers for the army.

The move back to smaller high street bricks and mortar continues. Majestic has opened the doors to its new small store concept in Harpenden as it trials new ways of expanding its brick-and-mortar presence. The UK’s largest specialist wine retailer‘s new store is less than half the size of the average Majestic unit at 1,800 sq. ft, allowing the business to test a fresh approach to reaching communities in key target areas of the UK.

At British BIDs we have been talking for a very long time about the iniquitous comparison between private council tax rates, last reviewed in 1991, and business rates, revised now every three years. This results in the businesses bearing an increasing proportion of local property taxes. It’s interesting to see others now raising the issue, suggesting a proportional levy on property values and also in the national press here.

There is always much interest in the BID community in new trends in relation to the 2004 BID regulations. They are now nearly 20 years old, and the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities is always interested in how they are being made use of, and we speak to them regularly on them. Two recent developments are interesting. Firstly, the Accommodation BID in Manchester has used a levy model based on occupancy rates rather than rateable values, and this has excited much interest in other local authorities. It mirrors some of the local tourist payments in European holiday destinations and was well received at the ballot. Visitors staying in a Manchester city centre hotel or holiday apartment are now required to pay a £1 per night City Visitor Charge. An estimated £3m worth of annual revenue will be dedicated to tourism-related and cultural projects, as well as necessities such as street cleaning. The second development is around the issue of BID areas and boundaries. At British BIDs we are of the view that the regulations make very clear that a BID is a single geographical area with a boundary; and we continue to believe that there is a major ethical and philosophical view that a business community needs to be rational, contiguous, clear and coherent. On the other hand, the regulations do allow, under Schedule 1.1.d, variation in whether all non-domestic ratepayers in the geographical area or a specified class of them are to be liable for the BID Levy. We have all used this to vary the levy being imposed on hereditaments of a different size via a threshold or on different types of business. There is now a new suggestion that the “specified class” could be described in a different way, such as hereditaments falling within a particular geographical zone. This might allow a large BID boundary to have within it a smaller collection of geographically distinct areas, separate but all within the same BID. Of course, any such plans would still have to be within the regulation forbidding the manipulation of the geographical area of the BID. It will be interesting to see how such a BID fares at ballot.

On the matter of sustainability into the future it is clear that London’s mayor faces high court challenge over ultra-low emission zone (ULEZ) expansion. The ULEZ, which is aimed at reducing air pollution by charging drivers of older vehicles, will be expanded from inner boroughs to the whole of Greater London in August, and is clearly being mirrored in other cities.

Theft remains a widespread and expensive problem in the retail industry, and most BIDs are involved by way of Crime Reduction Partnerships. The Association of Convenience Stores is suggesting that the ongoing cost-of-living crisis is further exacerbating the problem and causing shoplifting rates to rise. The latest British Retail Consortium Annual Crime Survey for 2022 highlights the scale of the problem. The report reveals that 60% of retailers said theft poses the most significant threat to their businesses over the next two years. The Report shows that on average, each store in the convenience sector spent over £5,000 on crime prevention measures including security staff, CCTV and intruder alarms. Findings from the report reveal that over £246m was invested in crime prevention across the sector over the last year. This investment is targeted at tackling the 970,000 incidents of theft, 800,000 incidents of verbal abuse and over 9,000 robberies that occurred over the last year, as well as other threats like fraud and cyber-crime that can financially devastate businesses. The impact of these crimes is not just felt by retailers and their colleagues, as the 2022 Crime Report shows that together, the cost of crime and investing in tackling crime results in a 9p ‘crime tax’ on every transaction made in stores.

Hosted alongside the BID in Nottingham, the British BIDs Professional Development Day is your opportunity to connect with others in the industry and explore how BIDs and other business communities are working to solve similar problems and develop their areas. We will be looking at a broad range of topics this year, with a host of speakers from different sectors looking at the case for greater collaboration and working together more effectively. There will be lots of time for networking and discussion on other topics throughout the day. For further details do please look at our website for all Bb Online Academy with 10 courses coming up in May, the Diploma in BID Leadership starts at the beginning of May and the second cohort in the Certificate in BID Management starts at the end of May. Do please join us by booking a place online or contacting shayni.langhelt@britshbids.info or 07971 0071921.

Professor Christopher Turner, Chief Executive, British BIDs

Latest Articles

NOVEMBER INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

OCTOBER INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

SEPTEMBER INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

AUGUST INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

JULY INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

MARCH INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

DESIGN YOUR SCHEME READY FOR A SUCCESSFUL RESULT

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

FEBRUARY INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

JANUARY INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

DECEMBER INSIGHTS BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

NOVEMBER'S INSIGHT BY CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

10 key considerations from The National BIDs Conference

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

October's Insight by Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

A PRO-BUSINESS (AND NOT SO MINI) BUDGET FROM OUR NEW CHANCELLOR

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

September's Insight by Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

National BID Awards 2022

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

August's insight by Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

July's Insight by Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Leadership race: Businesses need competent hands on the tiller

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

JUNE'S INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Greening our cities

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

MAY'S INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Bringing back The Golden Mile in Belfast

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

April's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Industrial BID Members to meet at Penrith Industrial BID

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

HINCKLEY BID: Attracting visitors through our annual pancake race

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

March's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

February's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Bb joins national campaign to encourage workers back to offices

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

TURNING BUSINESS FOOD WASTE INTO VEGETABLES IN BOURNEMOUTH

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BACK TO PLAN A, NOW NO MORE TO-ING AND FRO-ING!

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

January's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Businesses need clarity from government in 2022

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Over 100 destinations urge UK government to deliver 'business booster

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

December's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Plan B: £4bn Loss Predicted for hospitality sector

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Small Business Saturday Spotlight: BRINGING FAMILIES TO TOWN WITH THE HELP OF SNOW QUEENS AND ICE FAIRIES

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Small Business Saturday: Wizard of Oz comes to Saffron Walden

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Small Business Saturday spotlight: Hidden crackers in Nottingham

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs and The Means are delighted with GO! Southampton BIDs successful ballot

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs to welcome new BIDs to the Ballot Buddy portfolio

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

November's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Unemployment is falling, but our recovery is patchy

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

National BIDs Conference 2021

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Budget 2021 - letter to Chancellor

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

October's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

High street app attracts thousands of visitors to Lanark

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

September's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Getting back on track

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

August's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

The future health of our High Street Businesses

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

July's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Freedom day is coming… and BIDs are performing an incredible public service

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

June's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BIDlife

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Our rapidly evolving workspaces

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs appointed to support Swindon renewal ballot

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

May's Insight from Chris Turner - 2021

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Indoor service please

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

ACT NOW FOR A STAND-OUT LIGHTING DISPLAY THIS WINTER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Evidence to The Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee on Permitted Development Rights

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Amazon clicks and thirsty punters… now for business rates

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Welcome people back to your high street with Plantscape’s floral displays

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

High streets a part of life?

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BIDlife - Send us your reopening photos

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

April's Insight from Chris Turner - 2021

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

The Big Heart of Merthyr Tydfil BID and Northfield BID achieve Accreditation

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Maybe* - 7 ways to reconnect with your BID levy payers and their customers

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

March’s ballot results – a congratulations from British BIDs

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Ballot Buddy helps achieve a new term for Sheffield BID

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs meets with UK's largest national chains

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

March's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Retail repositioning continues

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Colour and animation for magical lights this Christmas - GALA LIGHTS

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

The recovery Budget delivered, where now for our towns and cities?

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

£1bn Towns Fund for 45 areas in England announced

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

February ballot results – a congratulations from the British BIDs team

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

February's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Letter on proposed new Permitted Development Rights

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Watford BID overcoming the challenges to secure a ‘YES’ vote

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID ballots during lockdown

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Business Interruption Policy Checker, Christmas Support Payments and Lockdown Guidance and elections

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

The headlines are gloomy, but our future evolved local high street looks exciting

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

As we lose a retail icon, we must embrace the change

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

January's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Digital trends in 2021

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs and Industrial BIDs discuss crime prevention

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Government names 72 high streets in England to share £831m recovery fund

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

A look back on 2020 BID ballots

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

December's insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

#BIDlife - putting the spotlight on our towns and cities!

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

How can and should BIDs be more community focused?

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Christmas lights provide feel-good factor in challenging times

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Welsh guidance about the coronavirus rules that will be in place from 6pm Friday 4 December

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Repurposing our places for the future

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Arcadia Group – Guidance for BIDs, 1 December 2020

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Calling on the Government to do more to support Retail, Hospitality and Leisure

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Increase your footfall over the festive period - Blachere Illumination

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

The shop local and loyal revolution from Scottish fintech Miconex with Town and City Gift Cards and Mi Rewards

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

November's insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

LoyalFree: The high street app helping businesses trade through the lockdown

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID community prepares for second lockdown

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Job Support Scheme expanded to firms required to close due to Covid Restrictions

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Extended Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme - 1st November 2020

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs congratulates confirmed areas to receive new Town Deals Fund

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Paul Clement steps down from British BIDs after long-standing service

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

October's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs congratulates Melanie Beck on being awarded MBE for ‘Services to the Community’ during Covid-19

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BIDs in the news

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs and Industrial BIDs share best practice

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

September's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs requests extension of 'Eat out To Help Out' Scheme

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

​Bb requests further BID term extension from MHCLG

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Bb to launch new research entitled 'Shaping the Future'

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Your Pontypridd Receives Accreditation

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

August's insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Levy reduction letter from BIDs - download the template

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Local lockdowns and areas of interventions: how to prepare

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs' response on levy payments

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs supports Business Resilience Survey

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Get involved in our response to Government

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Preparing for localised lockdown webinar follow up

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Look back on lockdown - BIDs (part 2)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

July's insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Webinar with high street expert Bill Grimsey

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Ruth Duston joins British BIDs Advisory Board

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Towns Fund – updated guidance

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Look back on lockdown - BIDs

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

June's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

From BBC news, to virtual meetings & training, we reflect on the past 3 months

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BBC News Channel - Professor Christopher Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Industrial and Business Park BIDs share good practice with virtual networking sessions

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

New research on BIDs and the 'new normal'

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Important announcement: MHCLG BID Loan Fund

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Ed Cooke joins British BIDs Advisory Board

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

THAT WAS THE BB WEEK THAT WAS #9 (W/C 18TH MAY)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

THAT WAS THE BB WEEK THAT WAS #8 (W/C 11TH MAY)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

3R Toolkit; Driving recovery in your place

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

THAT WAS THE BB WEEK THAT WAS #7 (W/C 4TH MAY)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BIDs Advisory Board welcome Resilience Fund

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

THAT WAS THE BB WEEK THAT WAS #6 (W/C 27TH APRIL)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs announces new research into the recovery of BIDs and urban centres in the ‘new normal’

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs Announces BIDs Resilience Fund

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Government lobbying for BID levy relief during COVID-19

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

THAT WAS THE BB WEEK THAT WAS #5 (W/C 20TH APRIL)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

New measures to protect UK high street from aggressive rent collection and closure

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs expands Ballot Buddy portfolio

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Sidcup BID achieve British BIDs Accreditation

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Government Survey - your help needed by 22nd April

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

That Was The Bb Week That Was #4 (W/C 13th april)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

April's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

COVID-19 - Job Retention Scheme Update

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

That Was The Bb Week That Was #3 (W/C 6th April)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

That Was The Bb Week That Was #2 (W/C 30th March)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs' Ballot Buddy helps secure a 'yes' vote for West Bromwich BID

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

The Coronavirus Act 2020 and what it means for BIDs

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

That Was The Bb Week That Was #1 (w/c 23rd March)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID levy payments and COVID-19

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

New Q&A sessions announced

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Communications support for BIDs

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs Guidance - Q&A

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Business Improvement Districts and their Coronavirus Response

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

March's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Join our live Q&A session this Friday

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

COVID-19: An update for Business Improvement Districts (BIDs)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs' response to the Chancellor's Budget

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs launches new Advisory Board

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Sunak urged to reform rates that ‘hammer’ local retailers

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

February's Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs partners with Welsh Government

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Business Rates - a representation to the Chancellor for the 2020 Budget

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

New year, new Christmas

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

January's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Celebrate our 10th birthday with us

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs support Plymouth City Centre BID at renewal campaign launch

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

December's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

November's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Digital Lego Trail successful boost to the City Centre

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Can your BID assist school/college leavers in their area to obtain employment locally?

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

October's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

September's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

August's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

July's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

June's Insight from Professor Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs appointed to support West Bromwich BID for renewal ballot

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs appointed to support Sheffield BID with 2020 renewal ballot

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

May's Insight from Professor Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

April's Insight from Professor Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Debenhams Administration - Guidance for BIDs

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

March's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID Loan Fund Workshops with the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG)

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Housing, Communities and Local Government Committee - New Policy Issues

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Celebrating 25 Years in Christmas Lighting - Gala Lights

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

February's BID Insight from Chris Turner

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

InLinkUK - New to our Suppliers Portal

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - JANUARY

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - DECEMBER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Thank you to our British BIDs members

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - NOVEMBER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Autumn Budget 2018: Highlights for the BID industry

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - OCTOBER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Ministry of Housing, Community and Local Government BID Loan Fund

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

British BIDs appointed to support South Bank BID with 2019 renewal ballot

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Faster broadband underpins UK BIDs - Openreach

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

National BIDs Conference by Ben Collins

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - SEPTEMBER

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Is slow broadband hindering your business and do you want to do something about it?

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - AUGUST

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Do Your BID’s Lights Need A Refresh?

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - JULY

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Applications for the 2018 Great British High Streets Awards are now open!

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Launch of the Second Grimsey review

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Launch of the Great British High Street Awards 2018

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - JUNE

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - MAY

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT DISTRICT INDUSTRY CELEBRATES 300 BIDS

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

Check out our photos from the Professional Development Day

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - APRIL

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

What you can discover on the new Bb website

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023

BID INSIGHT FROM CHRIS TURNER - MARCH

POSTED ON: 19/04/2023